Fig. 1

EEG recordings before and after administration of perampanel to Patients 1, 2, 3 and 5. a: In patient 1, before perampanel administration, bursts of high-amplitude spikes, multiple spikes and spike-slow waves, and multiple clinical attacks were detected (with a spasm of the whole body trunk) (age 5 months). At 15 months after perampandel administration, low-amplitude fast waves, spikes and spike-slow waves in were detected in the right middle and posterior temporal regions during sleep (age 2 years and 5 months). b: In patient 2, before perampanel administration, EEG recording detected hypsarrhythmia and bilateral discharges primarily in the posterior region (4 months); at 6 months after perampanel administration, no hypsarrhythmia, spike-slow waves, or sharp-slow waves were detected in the bilateral posterior regions (10 months). c: In patient 3, before perampanel administration, EEG recording detected spike-slow/sharp-slow waves, polyspike-slow/slow waves mainly in the posterior and the midline areas. Isolated and series of spasms as well as mild tonic attacks were detected (age 7 years and 6 months). At 4 months after perampanel administration, EEG recorded spike-slow/sharp-slow, slow, sharp, and spike waves mainly in the posterior and the midline areas (age 8 years). d: In patient 5, before perampanel administration, EEG recorded multifocal slow, spike and sharp waves, and one attack of focal origin (age 8 months). At 10 months after perampanel administration, 6-7 Hz waves with medium-to-high amplitudes and 15-20 Hz fast waves with a large number of continuous discharges were detected in the bilateral occipitotemporal regions (age 2 years and 7 months)