Fig. 1

Application of personalized virtue brain modeling in drug-resistant epilepsy: from bench to bedside. First, a T1-weighted MRI is utilized to acquire brain anatomy and delineate distinct brain regions based on the Virtual Epileptic Patient atlas (Fig. 1a) as the nodes in the network model. The links between the nodes of the network are estimated based on patient-specific structural connectivity map (Fig. 1b) calculated from a diffusion-weighted imaging. Then, each node was assigned a neural mass model to simulate the average neuronal activity at that node. The Bayesian inference methods are used to estimate the patient-specific parameters of each NMM by fitting the simulated source activity (Fig. 1g) to the corresponding SEEG signals (Fig. 1c) with consideration of prior knowledge, a process called model inversion (Fig. 1e). Finally, a personalized brain model is constructed (Fig. 1d) and the output of the VEP workflow is the suggested epileptogenic zone networks (Fig. 1f), and the personalized model can be used to test different surgical strategies (Fig. 1h). Permission was granted by Viktor Jirsa et al. (©Elsevier [5]) to reuse this figure (a, d and g). Permission was granted by Huifang E. Wang et al. (©American Association for the Advancement of Science [4]) to reuse this figure (e, f and h)