Fig. 3
From: Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI applications in drug-resistant epilepsy and epileptic emergency
Examples of brain MRI sequences and EEGs of four representative patients with SE. a Brain MRI: (1) The left frontal, temporal cortices and left thalamus hyperperfusion on ASL; subtle increased perfusion in the left thalamus and lateral temporal lobe on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC); the left thalamus and insula changes on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and DWI. (2) Definite left frontal and temporal lobes hyperperfusion on ASL and DSC; no changes on FLAIR; subtle restrictions in the left thalamus and insula on DWI. (3) Definite left hippocampus hyperperfusion on ASL; no signal changes on DSC, FLAIR, or DWI. (4) Subtle hyperperfusion in the bilateral frontal cortices on ASL; subtle T2 hyperintensity in the left frontal cortex. b EEG: (1) Left frontotemporal periodic discharges. (2) Left frontotemporal periodic discharges. (3) Left temporal rhythmic delta activity with evolution indicating an electrographic seizure. (4) Right frontal theta rhythm evolving to beta activity, indicating an electrographic seizure. Permission was granted by Kim et al. (© Springer Nature [38]) to reuse this figure