Table 2 The characteristic of absence seizure in the study
No. | Main symptoms of seizure | Accompanied symptoms of seizures | seizure duration | Seizure frequency | EEG background | Ictal EEG | SEEG | Manifestation of absence seizure | Genetic testing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Nodded before seizure | 10s | 1–2/day | Background abnormalities(left lazy activity, generalized θ activity) | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD, low amplitude on the left | - | Spasms-atypical absence seizure | - |
2 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | Nodded before seizure, and swallowing | 45-60s | 2–3/week | Mild background abnormalities | 2 Hz GSWD | - | Spasms atypical absence seizure | Negative |
3 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | - | 9-10s | 1–2/day | Background abnormalities(generalized θ/δ activity) | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD | - | Atypical absence seizure | - |
4 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | Mild shaking of limbs or swallowing | 10s | 1/day | Background abnormalities(diffuse θ/δ activity, right lazy activity) | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD, low amplitude on the right | - | Atypical absence seizure | - |
5 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | - | 10-15s | 1–2/day | normal background | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD | Absence seizure was not monitored | Atypical absence seizure | Negative |
6 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | - | 10-14s | 1–2/day | Background abnormalities(diffused θ/δ activity)diffused theta/delta activity | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD, predominance of left frontotemporal | - | Atypical absence seizure | - |
7 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness | - | 10s | 1–2/day | Background abnormalities(diffused θ/δ activity) | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD | - | Atypical absence seizure | TSC2 |
8 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | - | 16-17s | 2–3/week | Mild background abnormalities | 2.5 Hz GSWD | - | Atypical absence seizure | - |
9 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | - | 5-6s | 1/day | Mild background abnormalities | 1.5-2.5Â Hz GSWD | Atypical absence seizures: generalized SWD | Atypical absence seizure | Negative |
10 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Nodded before seizure | 20-25s | 1/day | Background abnormalities(diffused θ/δ activity) | 1.5-2 Hz GSWD(obvious on posterior cortex) | Spasms-atypical absence seizure: start from right lateral occipital cortex→GSWD | Spasms-atypical absence seizure | Negative |
11 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Blinking | 5-9s | 2–3/day | Background abnormalities(diffused θ/δ activity) | 2-2.5HzGSWD, left parietal-occipital present first | - | Atypical absence seizure | - |
12 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | - | 7-9s | 3–5/week | Normal background | 3 Hz GSWD | - | Typical absence seizure | Negative |
13 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Mild shaking of limbs | 6-21s | 5–6/day | Normal background | 3 Hz GSWD | Typical absence seizure: start from left posterior cingulated cortex, rapidly engaging GSWD | Typical absence seizure | Negative |
14 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | - | 11-16s | 3–4/day | Normal background | 3Hz GSWD | Typical absence seizure: start from right posterior cingulated cortex, rapidly engaging GSWD | Typical absence seizure | Negative |
15 | Staring, sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Mild tonic | 40-50s | 1/week | Background abnormalities(diffused θ rhythm) | 1.5-2.5 Hz GSWD | - | Atypical absence seizure | NPRL2 |
16 | Sudden cessation of activity, transient disruption of consciousness. | Blinking | 9-15s | 5–6/day | Normal background | 3 Hz GSWD | - | Typical absence seizure | Negative |