Table 4 Table of PNES diagnosis certainties, adapted from the work by LaFrance et al. (2013) for the ILAE Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force (with permission) [9]
| Â | Suspicious history | Analysis | Electroencephalography | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Degree of diagnostic certainty | Possible | + | Based on witness or self-report/description | Routine or sleep-deprived EEG without epileptiform abnormalities |
Probable | + | Clinical features typical of PNES, objectively witnessed by the physician or reviewed on a homemade video | Routine or sleep-deprived EEG without epileptiform abnormalities | |
Clinically established | + | Clinical features typical of PNES, objectively witnessed by an epileptologist (or epilepsy experienced neurologist) or reviewed on a homemade video, without EEG recording | Routine EEG (or ambulatory EEG) without epileptiform discharges during a typical episode that, for ES, should be associated with evident EEG ictal epileptiform activity | |
Documented | + | Clinical features typical of PNES events, objectively identified on video-EEG by a clinician experienced in diagnosis of seizure disorders | No epileptiform activity immediately before, during or after ictus captured on ictal video-EEG with typical PNES semiology | |