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Fig. 1 | Acta Epileptologica

Fig. 1

From: Development of localized interictal epileptiform discharges following vagus nerve stimulation for lennox-gastaut syndrome: a case report

Fig. 1

a Continuous and periodic 1- to 2-Hz generalized spike-and-slow wave discharges were recorded during long-term video-EEG monitoring at the age of 3, in 2005. b Continuous 1- to 2-Hz slow spike-wave discharges mainly occurred in the bilateral prefrontal cortex at 4 years of age (2006) when the seizures were controlled. c The inter-ictal generalized spike/spikes-and-slow wave discharges before VNS treatment were recorded at the age of 14 (2016). d A generalized tonic seizure was recorded when he was 12 years old (2014). The ictal EEG showed low-amplitude fast rhythmic activity and behavioral symptoms included ascending of bilateral shoulders and proximal upper limbs as well as head tilting forward, which lasted about 20 s. e A generalized tonic seizure in sleep was recorded at 14 years of age (2016). The ictal EEG showed generalized low-amplitude fast rhythmic activity which lasted about 12 s. f An atypical seizure was recorded. The ictal EEG showed generalized 2.5- to 3-Hz slow spike-wave activity which lasted about 12 s, with slight limb shaking and short of breath. g Onset of a generalized tonic–clonic seizure (black solid line) recorded at 14 years of age (2016), which showed 3–4-s generalized low-amplitude activities. h Inter-ictal spike discharges after VNS treatment recorded at 17 years of age (2019). The spike discharges were confined to the right frontal and anterior temporal lobes during 6-h EEG monitoring

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