Absolute contraindications | |
Disorders of fat metabolism [23] | Carnitine deficiency, carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) I or II deficiency, carnitine translocase deficiency, β-oxidation defects, long /medium/short-chain acyl dehydrogenase deficiency, long/medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA deficiency, pyruvate carboxylate deficiency, porphyria |
Severe metabolic abnormalities or instabilities | Severe hyperlipidemia (serum TG > 500 mg/dl) [24] |
Metabolic acidosis (blood pH < 7.3 [25]; serum CO2 < 12 mmol/l [14]) | |
Sodium < 130 mg/dl, > 150 mg/dL; albumin corrected calcium < 8 mg/dl [26] | |
Severe hypoglycemia (glucose < 54 mg/dl) [27] | |
Disease state | |
Severe coagulopathy | |
Severe liver failure; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ammonia > 5*upper limit of normal; total bilirubin > 15 mg/dl, direct bilirubin> 5 mg/dl within 24 h) [26] | |
Severe kidney failure [29] | |
Pancreatitis | |
Irreversibly decerebrate patients [30] | |
Critical cardiovascular instability [30] | |
Infants with less than 8 cm of the small bowel [30] | |
Drugs | Propofol concurrent use or on propofol within 24 h |
Relative contraindications | |
Disease state | Cardiovascular disease (hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy); renal calculi; osteopenia; sepsis; decompensated diabetes mellitus |
Metabolic abnormalities | Severe hyponatremia; hypoproteinemia; hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperketonemia [31] |