High-frequency oscillations detected by electroencephalography as biomarkers to evaluate treatment outcome, mirror pathological severity and predict susceptibility to epilepsy

Table 1 Overview of studies correlating the post-surgical outcome with the removal of HFOs

References	Patients Type	Patient Population	No. of Patients	EEG methodology	HFOs measurement	Correlation
Ochi et al. [44]	Children	Intractable neocortical epilepsy	9	Subdural grids	Ictal R	R
Wu et al. [38]	Children	Drug-resistant epilepsy	24	Subdural grids /strips	Interictal FR	FR
Akiyama et al. [116]	Children	Drug-resistant epilepsy	28	Subdural/depth	Interictal R and FR	R and FR
Nariai et al. [50]	Children	Epileptic spasms	11	Subdural grids	Ictal R and FR	R
van Klink et al. [117]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	14	Subdural grids /strips	Interictal R and FR	FR
Cho et al. [43]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	15	Subdural/depth	Interictal R and FR	FR
van’t Klooster et al. [42]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	54	Subdural grids /strips	Interictal FR	FR
Fedele et al. [35]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	54	Subdural grids/strips	Interictal R and FR	R and FR
Fedele et al. [118]	All	Drug-resistant focal epilepsy	20	Subdural grids /strips	Interictal R and FR	R and FR
Fedele et al. [36]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	9	Subdural grids/strips	Interictal FR	FR
van’t Klooster et al. [65]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	54	Subdural grids/strips	Interictal R and FR	FR
Cuello-Oderiz et al. [119]	All	Focal cortical dysplasia	21	Depth	Interictal R and FR	R and FR
Boran et al. [25]	All	Drug-resistant epilepsy	22	Subdural grids/strips	Interictal FR	FR

HFOs High-frequency oscillations, EEG Electroencephalogram, R Ripples, FR Fast ripples

ISSN: 2524-4434