From: Bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure in insulo-opercular epilepsy: an anatomo-electro-clinical study
Patient No. (n = 8) | No. of seizures recorded | No. of seizures analyzed (A20,S40) | Seizure duration | BATS duration | Evolution of semiology | Seizure onset and propogation | Stimulation site | Epileptogenic zone | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIA | SIS | ||||||||
1 | A0,S6 | S5 | 77–100 s | 9–22 s | Focal tonic (Rt arm occurring in 2 out of 5 seizures [2/5]) → BATS (four limbs 5/5,face 4/5) → EM (cont. Deviation3/5,ips.deviation 1/5, convergence 1/5) → Focal TCS (Rt arm 1/5, face 5/5) → GTCS (5/5) | Cop→MCC + sls + Fop | Undone | Undone | Lt-INS + OP |
2 | A1,S12 | A1,S5 | 5–52 s | 5–19 s | Aura (Rt arm numb 3/6) → Autonomic (nausea 1/6) → BATS (4limbs 6/6,face 2/6, ips.eyelid 2/6) → Focal TCS (eyelids 4/6) | plg + sls → asg | Undone | Undone | Lt-INS |
3 | A3,S12 | A3,S5 | 27–42 s | 20–32 s | Autonomic (tachycardia 8/8,hypersalivation 2/8) → Focal dystonia (Rt hand 2/8) → BATS (four limbs 8/8, cont.face+eyelid 5/8) → Hypermotor (shake head 4/8) → Focal TCS (throat 2/8,eyelids 3/8) | msg → asg → alg + plg + als | Undone | Undone | Lt-INS |
4 | A16,S46 | A5,S5 | 13–66 s | 7–56 s | Aura (indescribable) → BATS (four limbs 10/10,face 3/10) → Focal TCS (Rt arm 8/10) | plg → ils → psg | plg, ils, Pop | Not induced | Lt-INS |
5 | A0,S41 | S5 | 20–23 s | 14–20 s | BATS (four limbs 5/5) → Hypermotor (pedaling 3/5) → Focal TCS (Lt arm 5/5, eyelid 5/5) | alg → Pop→plg | Not induced | Pop, HG | Rt-INS + OP |
6 | A2,S46 | A2,S5 | 22–69 s | 7–29 s | BATS (four limbs 7/7) → EM (forced upward stare 3/7, cont.deviation 1/7) → Focal TCS (Lt arm 4/7, eyelid 3/7) | plg → sls → apex+psg + Pop +TP | Undone | Undone | Rt-INS + OP |
7 | A > 50,S > 50 | A5,S5 | 12–35 s | 9–20 s | BATS (four limbs 10/10) → Focal tonic (Rt face+eyelid 8/10) → EM (ips.deviation 6/10) → Focal TCS (limbs 6/10, eyelids 10/10) | psg → Cop→plg + ils + msg + Pop+SMA | Undone | Undone | Lt-INS + OP |
8 | A10,S7 | A5,S5 | 8–62 s | 6–31 s | Focal tonic (pouting 2/10) → BATS (four limbs 10/10, face 6/10) → EM (ips.deviation 2/10, cont. deviation 1/10) | IFGop | Not induced | ds | Lt-OP |