Fig. 5

NSE levels increase after seizures and after increased spiking on the EEG. a NSE measurements, were converted to percent of maximum for each individual. The time of the first clinical seizure was set to t = 0 and the normalized NSE measurements were plotted against number of hours before or after the seizure (each circle represents one NSE measurement). The distribution was analyzed by least squares linear regression to fit a line (red). The 95% CI for the regression is shown in solid light red. The fit (R² = 0.143) indicates that NSE values were higher after the first seizure than before. b The same process was applied to values relative to the second seizure time. As with the first seizure, NSE levels were higher after the second seizure than before (R² = 0.127). c The same process was applied to the the third seizure time. By the third seizure there was no longer a relationship between time after seizure and elevated NSE levels (R² = 0.015). d Continuous spike frequency data were available from EMU patients E003-E007. These data and the NSE measurements were recast as unitless values indicating increased serum concentrations or increased spike frequencies. Using standard least squares linear regression the NSE values were modeled relative to time of spike frequency measurement. Each panel shows the fitted line (red) and 95% CI for the regression (solid light red) from 0 to 1 h (“-1 hr) before the serum measurement through to 29-30 hr (“-30 h) before the serum measurement. e The P-value derived from the χ2 analysis of a binomial maximum likelihood estimator is plotted against time relative to NSE measurement to reveal the most significant temporal epochs. The gray region shows P-values greater than 0.05; the dashed marks P = 0.05