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Fig. 4 | Acta Epileptologica

Fig. 4

From: Systemic evidence of acute seizure-associated elevation in serum neuronal injury biomarker in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Fig. 4

NSE levels exhibit high sample entropy and large signal variation in epilepsy patients but not healthy controls. a NSE (red lines) and S100β (blue lines) measurements were converted to percent of maximum for each individual. The time at which the peak NSE value (100%) was measured in each subject was defined as t = 0 and the remaining measurements were plotted relative to this timepoint. S100β measurements were aligned based on the t = 0 set for NSE. While the NSE measurements exhibit a clear spike phenotype centered on t = 0, the S100β values show no pattern, indicating that the high signal variability in NSE is not the result of non-specific serum changes. b Sample entropy was calculated for NSE and S100β measurements in each subject. Most of the EMU patients exhibited high sample entropy (> 0.5) while all of the CRU subjects had zero entropy in the NSE measurements. All S100β measurements showed low sample entropy. To further reduce the measurements to a single metric, the signal variation was calculated for each individual. Signal variations less than or equal to 1.0 indicate either no variability in the NSE measurements or variability present in both the NSE and S100β values. All of the CRU subjects had signal variation metrics below 1.0; all of the EMU patients had signal variations above 1.0, with E001, E004, E005, and E006 showing high signal variation

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