Fig. 2

“Spikes” in serum NSE levels are observed in epilepsy patients but not in healthy controls or in S100β levels. Serially drawn blood samples from epilepsy patients (E001-E007, panels a-g) and healthy controls (C001-C004, panel h) were used to establish individual patterns of NSE (red lines) and S100β (blue lines) in serum through time. Sampling times were restricted to 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, and 1800 h; for EMU patients the draws continued throughout the duration of EEG monitoring. All panels are scaled to 50 ng/mL NSE (left axis) and 100 pg/mL S100β (right axis), except for E005 (E; 120 ng/mL NSE). The horizontal light red bars in all panels represent mean ± 95% CI for NSE in single-draw healthy controls (HC); the horizontal light blue bars in all panels represent mean ± 95% CI for S100β in single-draw healthy controls (HC). Vertical gray bars represent clinical seizure events